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Hypnotic suggestion and the modulation of Stroop interference
BACKGROUND: Hypnosis has been used clinically for hundreds of years and is primarily a phenomenon involving attentive receptive concentration. Cognitive science has not fully exploited hypnosis and hypnotic suggestion as experimental tools. This study was designed to determine whether a hypnotic suggestion to hinder lexical processing could modulate the Stroop effect. METHODS: Behavioral Stroop data were collected from 16 highly suggestible and 16 less suggestible subjects; both naturally vigilant and under posthypnotic suggestion. Subjects were urged to only attend to the ink color and to impede reading the stimuli under posthypnotic suggestion. RESULTS: Whereas posthypnotic suggestion eliminated Stroop interference for highly suggestible subjects, less suggestible control subjects showed no significant reduction in the interference effect. CONCLUSIONS: This outcome challenges the dominant view that word recognition is obligatory for proficient readers, and may provide insight into top-down influences of suggestion on cognition.
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002 Dec;59(12):1155-61. Raz A, Shapiro T, Fan J, Posner MI. Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave, Box 140, New York, NY 10021, USA. amr2006@med.cornell.edu
After looking at many definitions of anxiety, which are offered by a variety of medical and psychological authorities, I can't help but think that something's missing. Typically anxiety is to find as a feeling of apprehension, fear, or worry. But to fully understand what it is and how it may be affected by hypnosis a much bigger picture must be looked at first.
The fully developed adult brain has the ability to anticipate and simulate. As perceptions or imagination or match with predictive patterns it is natural to assume that something either extremely positive or extremely negative may...
What’s wrong with having a mug of coffee occasionally? No, there is nothing wrong with the enjoying a tasty, warm cup of Joe or a delicious soft drink. However, when these behaviors become uncontrollable compulsions that affect your routine, relationships, finances, and health, then it is time to start the change process.
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When you feel that there is absolutely no way that you can cope with or resolve with stressful situation, it is quite easy to go into a panic mode. When feelings of panic are later triggered easily and frequently, you have established a learning in your mind and body. This learned behavior is normally referred to as a panic attach. Even though triggering event may seem illogical, you have trained yourself to react this way. The goal now is to reverse this habitual behavior.
The mature human brain is quite capable of appropriately processing threats. When a potential threat...
